Biomimetic Hydrogen-Bonded G ⋠C ⋠G ⋠C Quadruplex within a Tetraphenylethene-Based Octacationic Spirobicycle in Water.

In biological systems, nucleotide quadruplexes (such as G-quadruplexes) in DNA and RNA that are held together by multiple hydrogen bonds play a crucial functional role. The biomimetic formation of these hydrogen-bonded quadruplexes captured by artificial systems in water poses a significant challenge but can offer valuable insights into these complex functional structures. Herein, we report the formation of biomimetic hydrogen-bonded G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C quadruplex captured by a tetraphenylethene (TPE) based octacationic spirobicycle (1). The spirobicyclic compound possesses a three-dimensional (3D) crossing dual-cavity structure, which enables the encapsulation of four d(GpC) dinucleotide molecules, thereby realizing 1 : 4 host-guest complexation in water. The X-ray structure reveals that four d(GpC) molecules further form a two-layer G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C quadruplex with Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds, which are stabilized within the dual hydrophobic cavities of 1 through the cooperative non-covalent interactions of hydrogen bonds, CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions, and hydrophobic effect. Due to the dynamically-rotational propeller chirality of TPE units, 1 with adaptive chirality can further serve as a chiroptical sensor to exhibit opposite Cotton effects with mirror-image CD spectra for the pH-dependent hydrogen-bonded assemblies of d(GpC) including the Watson-Crick G ⋅ C ⋅ G ⋅ C (pH 9.22) and Hoogsteen G ⋅ C+ ⋅ G ⋅ C+ (pH 5.74) quartets through the host-guest chirality transfer in water.

Dual-Targeted Graphitic Cascade Nanozymes for Recognition and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the major etiological factor of a variety of gastric diseases. However, the treatment of H. pylori is challenged by the destruction of targeted drugs by gastric acid and pepsin. Herein, a dual-targeted cascade catalytic nanozyme PtCo@Graphene@Hemin-2(L-arginine) (PtCo@G@H2A) is designed for the treatment of H. pylori. The dual-targeting ability of PtCo@G@H2A is derived from directly targeting the receptor protein of H. pylori through hemin and responding to the acidic environment to cause charge reversal (protonation of L-arginine) to capture H. pylori, achieving efficient targeting effect. Compared with the single-targeting strategy relying on hemin, the dual-targeting strategy can greatly improve the targeting rate, achieving an increase of 850% targeting rate. At the concentration of NaHCO3 in intestinal fluid, the surface potential of PtCo@G@H2A can be quickly restored to avoid side effects. Meanwhile, PtCo@G@H2A has pH-responsive oxidase-like activity, which can generate nitric oxide (NO) through a cascade catalytic process that first generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) with oxygen, and further oxidizes L-arginine through ROS, realizing a superior acid-selective bactericidal effect. Overall, it proposes a promising strategy for the treatment of H. pylori that maintains high targeting and therapeutic effects in the environment of gastric acid and pepsin.

The Effect of Liraglutide on Lung Cancer and Its Potential Protective Effect on High Glucose-Induced Lung Senescence and Oxidative Damage.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a malignant disease with high morbidity and mortality. Lung cancer and diabetes are closely related, and diabetic patients with lung tumors are common in clinical practice. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined the effect of liraglutide on lung cancer and its potential protective effect on high glucose-induced lung aging. METHODS: Indirect mmunofluorescence was done to assess the expression levels of p-AKT, ki67, Caspase3, Bax and PI3K. Western blotting was conducted to determine the expression levels of BAX, BCL2, Caspase9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, PI3K, AKT and vimentin. Cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated by colony formation, CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of Nf-κb, p15, p16, p21 and SMA in vivo. Besides, a high glucose-induced lung cell injury model was established to evaluate the effect of liraglutide on lung aging and oxidative damage. Sa-ß-gal staining was used to assess cellular/ tissue senescence. Cell senescence-related markers (p16, p21 and p53 ) were determined by Western-blot analysis. RESULTS: The proliferation, cell cycle, migration of lung cancer cells were significantly inhibited after treatment with liraglutide compared to control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Liraglutide inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of lung cancer cell compared to control group (p < 0.05). Liraglutide also suppressed the proliferation of lung cancer in vivo. Besides, the BEAS-2B cell senescence induced by high glucose was significantly alleviated after treatment with liraglutide compared with control group (p < 0.05). The lung aging and endoplasmic reticulum stress was significantly suppressed after liraglutide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This work indicates that liraglutide could inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, liraglutide exhibited anti-aging effects in vivo and in vivo. The current work has important implications for the treatment of patients with diabetes and lung cancer.

Highly efficient carbon supported Co-Ir nanozyme for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in foods.

Nanozyme-based colorimetric assays have aroused extensive attention in biosensing due to quick response, low cost and simplicity. However, their practical applications are limited by the unsatisfactory stability and catalytic activity of nanozymes in complex detection environments. Herein, using the one-pot chemical vapor deposition method, we successfully prepare a highly efficient and stable carbon supported Co-Ir nanozyme (termed as Co-Ir/C nanozyme) for the determination of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in food samples. The Co-Ir/C nanozyme shows excellent durability under extensive pH ranges, high temperature and high salt concentration due to the protection of carbon supporter. It can be recycled by simple magnetic separation, and its catalytic activity remains stable after long-term operation and storage. Taking full advantage of the superior peroxidase-like activity of Co-Ir/C nanozyme, it is used for colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid (or known as vitamin C), an important vitamin to adjust body's normal physiological function, with results showing higher sensitivity (detection limit of 0.27 µM) than most of the recently published works. Moreover, the determination of TAC in vitamin C tablets and fruits are further achieved, which are in good agreement with those of commercial colorimetric test kits. This study helps guide the rational preparation of versatile and highly stable nanozymes, and develops a robust TAC determination platform for future food quality monitoring.

Perception and experience of altruism in graduate nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Altruism is the core of nursing professionalism. Graduate nursing education in China started late and is still developing, exploring the current state of altruistic behavior and the perceived experience of altruism among graduate nursing students may have important implications for nursing education. OBJECTIVE: Explore the current state of altruistic behavior and the perceived experience of altruism among graduate nursing students in China. RESEARCH DESIGN: This is a descriptive phenomenological qualitative research study, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Seventeen graduate nursing students from three schools were selected to participate in the study. Colaizzi's analysis method was performed with NVivo software to develop common themes from the data. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The research proposal was approved by the Research Ethic Committee of Yangzhou University, China. RESULTS: Four themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews of the 17 participants: "Definition of altruism," "Altruism in the nursing profession," "Altruism applied in practice," and "Factors influencing altruistic behavior." CONCLUSIONS: Although participants indicated that the concept of "altruism" was relatively new to them, altruistic behavior is common in both their work and life. Many factors influence the altruistic behavior of graduate nursing students, including the environment, personal factors, education, recipient factors, occupational factors, and gains and losses. Families, schools, and hospitals should create favorable environments to foster altruistic tendencies in students.

Dual Charge Transfer Generated from Stable Mixed-Valence Radical Crystals for Boosting Solar-to-Thermal Conversion.

Realizing dual charge transfer (CT) based on stable organic radicals in one system is a long-sought goal, however, remains challenging. In this work, a stable mixed-valence radical crystal is designed via a surfactant-assisted method, namely TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC (where TTF = tetrathiafulvalene), containing dual CT interactions. The solubilization of surfactants enables successful co-crystallization of mixed-valence TTF molecules with different polarity in aqueous solutions. Short intermolecular distances between adjacent TTF moieties within TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC facilitate both inter-valence CT (IVCT) between neutral TTF and TTF+• , and inter-radical CT (IRCT) between two TTF+• in radical π-dimer, which are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state absorption, electron spin resonance measurements, and DFT calculations. Moreover, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC reveals an open-shell singlet diradical ground state with the antiferromagnetic coupling of 2J = -657 cm-1 and an unprecedented temperature-dependent magnetic property, manifesting the main monoradical characters of IVCT at 113-203 K while the spin-spin interactions in radical dimers of IRCT are predominant at 263-353 K. Notably, dual CT characters endow TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC with strong light absorption over the full solar spectrum and outstanding stability. As a result, TTF-(TTF+• )2 -RC exhibits significantly enhanced photothermal property, an increase of 46.6 °C within 180 s upon one-sun illumination.

Stable Organic Radicals Participation in Charge Transfer: A New Strategy toward Molecular Functional Materials.

Charge-transfer (CT) engineering with inter-/intramolecular CT interactions by simple compositions has emerged as a universal and efficient way to construct organic functional materials. Stable organic radicals with unique physicochemical properties that cannot be realized in closed-shell molecules, have been widely demonstrated to be ideal building blocks to construct versatile organic CT materials. This concept article provides a brief overview of the advances in the design, structure and property of stable organic radicals-based CT molecular functional materials, and the strategy for the generation of these materials is also highlighted. First, radicals are introduced as open-shell donors or acceptors, with a focus on their importance and uniqueness in improving electrical, magnetic and optical properties of CT functional materials. Additionally, CT interactions in stable radical dimers and trimers are further discussed systematically. Finally, the challenges are summarized and perspectives for future development of stable organic radicals-based CT functional materials are provided.

Heat Confinement Aerogel Enables Supramagnetothermal Effect for Triggering Nitric Oxide Generation.

Reducing heat dissipation plays an indispensable role in boosting the magnetothermal effect but has received scant attention. Herein, a magnetothermal aerogel (MA) combining an efficient magnetothermal convertor for heat generation and a highly porous aerogel for reducing heat dissipation is developed. Such a heat confinement MA shows a large thermal resistance and high infrared absorption that can effectively confine the heat by regulating interior thermal conduction and radiation, exhibiting a supramagnetothermal effect. In addition, a waterproof beeswax coated MA achieves negligible heat loss and a supramagnetothermal effect even in high-thermal-diffusion aqueous media. As a proof of concept, a synthesized heat-triggered nitric oxide (NO) precursor is integrated into an MA, and the rapid NO generation (∼22 µM/min) resulting in an antibacterial effect further verifies the supramagnetothermal effect of the MA. This work provides an efficient strategy to promote the magnetothermal effect and offers inspiration for building a heat-triggering system.

An Implantable Magnetic Vascular Scaffold for Circulating Tumor Cell Removal In Vivo.

An integrated trapped device (ITD) capable of removal of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can assuage or even prevent metastasis. However, adhesion repertoires are ordinarily neglected in the design of ITDs, possibly leading to the omission of highly metastatic CTC and treatment failure. Here a vascular-like ITD with adhesive sites and wireless magnetothermal response to remove highly metastatic CTC in vivo is presented. Such a vascular-like ITD comprises circumferential well-aligned fibers and artificial adhesion repertoires and is optimized for magnetothermal integration. Continuous and repeated capture in a dynamic environment increases capture efficiency over time. Meanwhile, the heat generation of the ITD leads to the capture of CTC death owing to cell heat sensitivity. Furthermore, the constructed bioinspired ultrastructure of the ITD prevents vascular blockage and induces potential vascular regeneration. Overall, this work defines an extendable strategy for constructing adhesion repertoires against intravascular shear forces, provides a vascular-like ITD for reducing CTC counts, and is expected to alleviate the risk of cancer recurrence.

The Effect of CT-Guided Artificial Pneumothorax plus Thoracoscopy and Central Venous Catheterization on the Drainage Effect of Pediatric Empyema and Pulmonary Function.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of CT-guided artificial pneumothorax combined with a thoracoscopic and central venous catheter on empyema drainage effect and pulmonary function in children. A total of 82 pediatric patients with empyema admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The control group was treated with artificial pneumothorax combined with thoracoscopy. The study group was treated with a CT-guided and central venous catheter. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, surgical field exposure, WBC, C-reactive protein, and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups. The size of effusion and sonographic staging were compared between the two groups. All children underwent spirometry and a maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. The operation indicators (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, etc.) and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The differences in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, and surgical field exposure between the two groups had a statistical significance (P < 0.05); the differences in the body temperature, total peripheral white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, size of effusion, and sonographic staging between the two groups had no statistical significance (P > 0.05); before operation, the differences in the expression levels of FVC (%), FEV1 (%), FEV1/FVC, and MVV (%) and indicators of cardiopulmonary function including VE/VO2, breathing reserve(%), VD/VT(%), and VO2/work between the two groups had no statistical significance, but at 6 months after operation, FVC (%), FEV1 (%), FEV1/FVC, and MVV (%) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and VE/VO2 and VD/VT(%) in the study group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the incidence rate of chest pain, pulmonary edema, and skin infection in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CT-guided artificial pneumothorax combined with thoracoscopic and central venous catheter drainage of empyema in children is more thorough, with less bleeding, less trauma, rapid recovery of pulmonary function, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

In Situ Upregulating Heat Shock Protein 70 via Gastric Nano-Heaters for the Interference of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Taking inspiration from the mechanism of Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to innovative antibacterial ways to fight antibiotics resistance. Herein, a gastric nano-heater iron-cobalt alloy shielded with graphitic shells (FeCo@G) is developed to interfere with H. pylori infection under an alternating magnetic field. FeCo@G shows a high and stable specific loss power (SLP = 534.1 W g-1) in the acidic environment and provides efficient magnetothermal stimulation in the stomach. Such stimulation upregulates the cytoprotective heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in gastric epithelial cells, which antagonizes the infection of H. pylori. This finding is further supported by the transcriptomic analysis verifying the upregulation of HSP70 in the stomach. Moreover, the nano-heater shows a high inhibition rate of H. pylori in vivo with good biocompatibility; 95% of FeCo@G is excreted from the mouse's gastrointestinal tract within 12 h. In summary, FeCo@G allows magnetothermal therapy to be used in harsh gastric environments, providing an approach for the therapy against H. pylori.

Metal Graphitic Nanocapsules for Theranostics in Harsh Conditions.

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) with superior physicochemical properties and biocompatibility have shown great potential in theranostics. However, metal NPs show poor stability in some harsh conditions such as strong acid, oxidation, corrosion and high-temperature conditions, which limits their extensive bioapplications. To address such issue, a variety of superstable metal graphitic nanocapsules with the metal cores confined in the nanospace of few-layer graphitic shell have been developed for biodetection and therapy in harsh conditions. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent advances in metal graphitic nanocapsules for bioapplications in harsh conditions. Firstly, their theranostic performance in non-intrinsic physiological harsh environment, including oxidation, corrosion and high-temperature conditions, is systematically discussed. Then, we highlight their theranostic performance in the harsh stomach condition that is strong acidic and pepsin-rich. It is expected that this review will offer inspiration to facilitate the exploitation of novel theranostic agents that are stable in harsh conditions.

Comprehensive Analysis of ABCA Family Members in Lung Adenocarcinoma with Prognostic Values.

ATP-binding cassette subfamily A (ABCA) has received wide recognition because it possesses the capacity to translocate its derivatives, xenobiotics, vitamins, and cholesterol across biological membranes. Some ABCA members have causative relevance to inborn diseases, and a number of studies have explored their functions in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we explored the interrelation between ABCA genes and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We specified the expression and functions of ABCA members in LUAD using the GEPIA, GEO, Human Protein Atlas, UALCAN, TIMER, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases. ABCA5, ABCA6, ABCA8, ABCA9, and ABCA10 were found to be significantly less expressed in LUAD and correlated with TP53 mutation in patients with LUAD. Furthermore, ABCA5, ABCA6, and ABCA8 were relevant to overall survival of patients with LUAD. In conclusion, this study showed that ABCA members may be related to the TP53 mutation of LUAD. Moreover, it may serve as a potential marker for the prognosis of LUAD.

Cyclin D1 mediated by the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B exerts an oncogenic role in lung cancer.

The relevance of cyclin D1 (CCND1) has been implicated in lung cancer progression. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which CCND1 supports lung cancer development is yet to be expounded. Here, we established that CCND1 is overexpressed in clinical lung cancer specimens and various lung cancer cells. Importantly, CCND1 overexpression enhanced lung cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and arrested the cell cycle at the S phase. In vivo, overexpression of CCND1 promoted lung cancer growth and metastasis. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) promoted p65 protein expression and CCND1 transcription. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT pathway activity was significantly reduced when NF-κB nuclear translocation was decreased. PI3K/AKT pathway activity was significantly elevated upon CCND1 overexpression. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway activity or suppression of NF-κB translocation in cells with high CCND1 expression was found to significantly reduce the activity of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that NF-κB/CCND1/PI3K/AKT axis could act as a prospective diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic option for lung cancer.

Outcomes of Visualized Puncture Needle and Small Needle-Knife Therapy in Primary Frozen Shoulder Based on Multimodal Ultrasound Imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of visualized puncture needle and small needle-knife therapy in 68 patients with primary frozen shoulder. METHOD: Sixty-eight patients with primary frozen shoulder were recruited and randomly divided into two groups, with 34 patients in each group. In the treatment group, an ultrasound-guided 18G-PTC puncture needle was inserted into the joint space, followed by a liquid injection until complete lysis and dissociation of the intraarticular adhesion were achieved. Then, the lesser tuberosity of the coracoid and humerus, the intertubercular groove of the humerus, and the greater tuberosity of the humerus were stripped, first vertically and then horizontally, by an amplitude ≦ 0.5 cm per treatment. This treatment procedure was performed once per week, and each cycle covered three treatments. The small needle-knife therapy was set as a control, and the efficacy was observed. RESULT: The visualized puncture needle significantly outperformed the small needle-knife therapy in overall efficacy, UCLA scores of the shoulder joint, shoulder mobility, and muscle elasticity and thickness. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of the visualized puncture needle for primary frozen shoulder was better compared to the small needle-knife therapy. The former was safer and more convenient, which caused less pain to patients and took effect more quickly. In a word, the visualized puncture needle for primary frozen shoulder is worthy of clinical popularization.

A Risk Prediction Model for Prolonged Length of Stay in Patients with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Retrospective Study of 225 Patients in a Single Center in Kunming, China.

BACKGROUND We aimed to develop an effective prediction model of prolonged length of stay (LOS) in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS We systematically enrolled 225 patients admitted for AECOPD to our hospital and divided them into a normal LOS group (≤7 days) and prolonged LOS group (>7 days). To analyze differences in laboratory data at different times, 3 logistic regression models were established. To develop the prediction model, all variables with statistical significance were included in the model. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate discrimination, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the calibration of the model. RESULTS Factors found to be independently associated with the increased risk of prolonged LOS included the use of corticosteroids during hospitalization, elevated HCO3⁻, decreased pH, and reductions in platelets (PLTs) and procalcitonin (PCT) between the fourth and first day of hospitalization. The risk prediction model including these factors had an AUC of 0.795, suggesting the good discrimination of our model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test also showed good calibration of the model, which confirmed its good predictive performance. CONCLUSIONS A clinical prediction model was developed with good predictive performance, which could help clinicians identify patients with a higher risk of prolonged LOS, help shorten hospital stay, reduce the disease burden of patients, and improve the outcomes of AECOPD.

Advances in metal graphitic nanocapsules for biomedicine.

Metal graphitic nanocapsules have the advantages of both graphitic and metal nanomaterials, showing great promise in biomedicine. On one hand, the chemically inert graphitic shells are able to protect the metal core from external environments, quench the fluorescence signal from the biological system, offer robust platform for targeted molecules or drugs loading, and act as stable Raman labels or internal standard molecule. On the other hand, the metal cores with different compositions, sizes, and morphologies show unique physicochemical properties, and further broaden their biomedical functions. In this review, we firstly introduce the preparation, classification, and properties of metal graphitic nanocapsules, then summarize the recent progress of their applications in biodetection, bioimaging, and therapy. Challenges and their development prospects in biomedicine are eventually discussed in detail. We expect the versatile metal graphitic nanocapsules will advance the development of future clinical biomedicine.

Study on the inhibition and remineralization of enamel demineralization by polydopamine in vitro / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the inhibitory effect of polydopamine (PDA) on enamel demineralization in isolated teeth and the induction of hydroxyapatite (HA) production on the surface of demineralized enamel to provide a novel protocol for the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization. @*Methods@#Twenty isolated bovine teeth were cut into 20 enamel slices and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 10 slices in each group. The enamel slices in the experimental group were immersed in 2 mg/mL freshly prepared dopamine solution and incubated for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark to prepare the PDA coating, while the control group was left untreated. Then, the isolated bovine teeth, with and without PDA coating, were immersed in artificial demineralization solution at 37 °C for 3 days, followed by 7 days in simulated body fluid (SBF), and the immersion solution was changed daily. The surface morphology of enamel was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the calcium/phosphorus ratio of the enamel surface was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the characteristic functional groups in enamel deposits were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).@* Results@#Compared with the control group, the number of demineralized pores produced after 3 d of enamel demineralization with polydopamine coating was less, and the diameter was smaller. EDS elemental analysis showed that the Ca/P ratio after enamel demineralization was 2.37 in the experimental group, which was smaller than the 2.53 ratio in the control group. In the remineralization experiment, after 7 days of remineralization of PDA coated enamel in the experimental group, lamellar grains were produced on the enamel surface, and the growth showed obvious directionality, growth regularity and uniform arrangement. In the control group, the surface of enamel was flocculent mineral deposit, and the crystallinity was poor. The FTIR results proved that the enamel surface deposit of PDA-coated enamel was HA after 7 d of remineralization. @*Conclusion @#PDA can affect the nucleation process of HA and promote the production of HA on the surface of demineralized enamel.

AS3MT Polymorphism: A Risk Factor for Epilepsy Susceptibility and Adverse Drug Reactions to Valproic Acid and Oxcarbazepine Treatment in Children From South China.

Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder characterized by intractable seizures, involving genetic factors. There is a need to develop reliable genetic markers to predict the risk of epilepsy and design effective therapies. Arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes the biomethylation of arsenic and hence regulates arsenic metabolism. AS3MT variation has been linked to the progression of various diseases including schizophrenia and attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder. Whether genetic polymorphism of AS3MT contributes to epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the association of AS3MT gene polymorphism with susceptibility to epilepsy in children from south China. We also explored the effect of AS3MT variation on the safety of antiepileptic drugs. Genotypic analysis for AS3MT rs7085104 was performed using samples from a Chinese cohort of 200 epileptic children and 244 healthy individuals. The results revealed a genetic association of AS3MT rs7085104 with susceptibility to pediatric epilepsy. Mutant homozygous GG genotype exhibited a lower susceptibility to childhood epilepsy than AA genotype. Carriers of AS3MT rs7085104 AA genotype exhibited a higher risk of digestive adverse drug reactions (dADRs) in children when treated with valproic acid (VPA) or oxcarbazepine (OXC). Additionally, bioinformatics analysis identified eight AS3MT target genes related to epilepsy and three AS3MT-associated genes in VPA-related dADRs. The effects of AS3MT on epilepsy might involve multiple targets including CNNM2, CACNB2, TRIM26, MTHFR, GSTM1, CYP17A1, NT5C2, and YBX3. This study reveals that AS3MT may be a new gene contributing to epileptogenesis. Hence, analysis of AS3MT polymorphisms will help to evaluate susceptibility to pediatric epilepsy and drug safety.

News Feed Advertising and Positive Attitude: An Interpretation Model Based on Information Processing.

This study mainly examines the different effects and mechanisms of news feed advertising (vs. traditional display advertising) on advertising attitude and brand attitude by using an observational experiment that categorized participants based on their past experiences. By analyzing the video advertising of the "Li Ning" brand, three conclusion were drawn. First, compared with traditional display advertising, news feed advertising led to more positive advertising attitude and brand attitude. Second, generation and transmission mechanism of attitudes were applicable to the interpretation rules of the classical information processing process model, which showed that the information processing process of the news feed advertising and the traditional display advertising were consistent. Third, consumer's brand experience did not affect the direct effects of "attention" on "memory," but affected the mediate role of "interpretation," which showed that news feed advertising may have a stronger "drainage" effect when promoting new products and developing new markets. However, if the consumer's experience is not enhanced, the brand attitude triggered by news feed advertising will still not be stable. These findings are conducive to further understanding the effect of news feed advertising on advertising attitude and brand attitude.